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Chapter 5 _______________________________________________________ Functional Description
VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 109
0201-092
Figure 30 Precipitation Type Determination Principle
The precipitation types can be divided into four main categories:
- Liquid precipitation
- Frozen precipitation
- Mixed precipitation
- Unknown precipitation
The types and their detection criteria are listed below.
Liquid Precipitation
In liquid precipitation, the optical and the DRD12 intensities are near
each other, or the DRD12 intensity is higher. Rain and drizzle are
separated by the highest peak signal (largest droplet). If liquid
precipitation is detected below 0 °C (TS), it is indicated as freezing
rain or freezing drizzle (ZR, ZL).
NOTE
The FD12P freezing precipitation detection is based on the practical
definition of "rain (or drizzle) freezing on surfaces", not on detecting
supercooled water.
a. Rain: If the maximum droplet size is bigger than the
Drizzle limit, the precipitation type is rain. The Light rain
limit and Heavy rain limit are (approximately) the two-
- USER'S GUIDE 1
- Table of Contents 3
- CHAPTER 4 4
- CHAPTER 5 5
- CHAPTER 6 6
- List of Figures 7
- List of Tables 8
- GENERAL INFORMATION 11
- Version Information 12
- Related Manuals 12
- General Safety Considerations 12
- ESD Protection 15
- Trademarks 16
- Warranty 16
- PRODUCT OVERVIEW 17
- 0201-085 18
- Sensing Elements 19
- Electronics Enclosure 20
- Structural Elements 20
- Operating Principle 21
- Using FD12P 22
- Equipment Nomenclature 23
- Specifications 24
- Mechanical Specifications 24
- Electrical Specifications 24
- Optical Specifications 25
- Capabilities and Limitations 26
- Visibility Measurement 26
- Environmental Specifications 27
- INSTALLATION 29
- Location and Orientation 30
- 0110-178 31
- Equipment Grounding 32
- 0111-001 33
- Internal Grounding 34
- Grounding Remote Units and 34
- Communication Cable 34
- Cable Selection 35
- Line Power Cabling 35
- Unloading and Unpacking 36
- Unpacking Procedure 36
- Storage Information 36
- Installation Procedures 37
- Constructing the Foundation 37
- Mounting When Casting the Pad 38
- 0110-180 39
- Assembling the FD12P 40
- Sensor to the Mast 41
- 0201-088 42
- Connecting Cables 43
- 9509-011 44
- 0110-183 45
- 0110-184 46
- 0205-006 47
- Day/Night Switch to FD12P 48
- Luminance Meter 49
- Communication Options 50
- 9509-013 51
- Modem DMX21 52
- Originate Mode Answer Mode 53
- TXD 0 1 0 1 53
- CCITT 1180 980 1850 1650 53
- Analog Transmission 55
- Startup Testing 56
- Initial Settings 56
- OPERATION 59
- Markings Used in This Manual 61
- OPEN Command 61
- CLOSE Command 62
- Automatic Message Sending 62
- Message Types 63
- Message 0 64
- Message 1 64
- Message 2 65
- Message 3 65
- Message 4 66
- Messages 5 and 6 66
- Message 7 68
- Message Polling 69
- FD12P Command Set 70
- HELP Command 70
- MES Command 71
- AMES 1 60 ↵ 72
- AMES 0 0 ↵ 72
- Weather Related Commands 73
- PRW Command 77
- CLRS Command 78
- WHIS Command 78
- System Configuration Commands 79
- CONF Command 80
- CONF. PASSWORD (4 CHARS MAX) 81
- ANALOG OUTPUT RANGE 83
- MAX VISIBILITY ( 10000) 83
- MIN VISIBILITY ( 50) 83
- END OF CONFIGURATION 83
- BAUD Command 84
- BLSC Command 84
- Maintenance Commands 85
- CAL Command 87
- TCAL Command 87
- CLEAN Command 88
- CHEC Command 89
- FREQ Command 89
- DRY and WET Commands 89
- AN Command 90
- Analog Output Commands 91
- Data Scaling 92
- Hardware Check 92
- Other Commands 93
- RESET Command 94
- FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 95
- Optical Measurement 96
- Optical Arrangement 96
- FDT12B Transmitter Unit 96
- 9611-002 97
- FDR12 Receiver Unit 98
- Additional Measurements 99
- DRD12 Rain Detector 100
- DTS14B Temperature Sensor 101
- FDP12 Control Unit 101
- 9611-004 102
- Measurement Signal Processing 103
- Optical Signal Processing 103
- DRD12 Signal Processing 104
- Visibility 105
- Algorithm Description 105
- Detecting Precipitation 106
- Precipitation Intensity 106
- Precipitation Accumulation 107
- Present Weather 108
- 0201-092 109
- Visibility Types 111
- Weather Classes 112
- Applications 113
- Internal Monitoring 114
- Built-in Tests 114
- Memory Tests 115
- Signal Monitoring 115
- Hardware Monitoring 115
- Contamination Monitoring 116
- MAINTENANCE 117
- Cleaning 118
- Cleaning Lenses and Hoods 118
- Cleaning DRD12 Rain Detector 118
- Calibration 119
- Visibility Calibration 119
- Calibration Check Procedure 120
- 0201-087 122
- Calibration Procedure 123
- 1 = Sensor holder 125
- 3 = Fixing screw 125
- Removing and Replacing 126
- 0110-187 127
- 0110-189 129
- Replacement 130
- TROUBLESHOOTING 133
- Message Missing 134
- Visibility Value is Missing 135
- There Is None 136
- FD12P Reports Frozen 136
- Precipitation during Rain 136
- Have Jumper Settings Been 137
- Changed? 137
- Getting Help 140
- Return Instructions 140
- NWS AND WMO CODES USED IN 143
- JUMPER SETTINGS AND INTERNAL 147
- CPU Board 149
- DC-Regulator 149
- DRI21 Interface Board 149
- TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER TEST 151
- Table 42 Receiver Test Points 152
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