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Vaisala Sensor Technologies for Wind and Rain Measurements
Vaisala WINDCAP® Sensor
Vaisala WINDCAP
®
Ultrasonic Wind Sensor uses ultrasound
to determine wind speed and direction. The sensor has
no moving parts, which makes it independent of the
limitations of mechanical wind sensors such as friction,
inertia, time constant, over-speeding, and starting treshold.
How It Works
WINDCAP
®
sensor features an array of three ultrasonic
transducers oriented to form an equilateral triangle. Wind
measurement is based on time of flight (TOF) of the sonic
impulse - the time it takes for the signal to travel from one
transducer to another. TOF is measured in both directions
for each pair of transducer heads. Simple algebra allows
solving for the parallel component of wind velocity
independently of the static speed of sound.
The equilateral triangle configuration of the three
Vaisala RAINCAP® Sensor
Vaisala RAINCAP
®
Sensor is an acoustic sensor that
measures the impact of individual raindrops on a smooth
stainless steel surface using a piezoelectric detector. The
sensor provides real time information on rain intensity,
duration, and accumulated rainfall.
How It Works
The RAINCAP
®
sensor consists of a round stainless steel
cover, approximately 90 mm in diameter mounted to a
rigid frame. A piezoelectric detector is located beneath
the cover.
Raindrops hit the RAINCAP
®
sensor surface at terminal
velocity, which is a function of the raindrop diameter.
Rain measurement is based on acoustic detection of each
individual rain drop as it impacts the sensor cover. Larger
drops create a larger acoustic signal than smaller drops.
The piezoelectric detector converts the acoustic signals
into voltages. Total rain is calculated from the sum of the
individual voltage signals per unit time and the known
surface area of the RAINCAP
®
sensor. In addition, the
intensity and duration of rain can be calculated.
Transducer separation length, L
Time of flight, t
1
Receive
Time of flight, t
2
Transmit
1
Transmit
1
Receive
V
Parallel component of wind velocity
w
For static speed of sound V :
s
1
t
1
=
1
V + V
sw
L
1
t
2
=
1
V + V
sw
L
and
Combine to remove V :
Solve for V
s
w
V =
w
1
t
2
11
1
t
1
11
L
2
(
-
)
2
2
60˚
60˚
60˚
path C
Basis
set 1
Basis
set 2
Basis
set 3
A
B
C
B
A
C
path b
path a
1
2
3
transducers provides three possible sets of basis vectors.
The combinations yield bi-directional measurements on
the paths labeled A, B and C. These measurements are
used to determine the wind velocity components parallel
to each of the three paths.
p
v
=
m
v
t
Piezo detector
Electronics Algorithm
Output
Pv = vertical momentum
m = mass of drop
v
t
= terminal velocity of drop
For more information, visit
www.vaisala.com or contact
us at sales@vaisala.com
Ref. B211233EN-A ©Vaisala 2012
This material is subject to copyright protection, with all copyrights
retained by Vaisala and its individual partners. All rights reserved.
Any logos and/or product names are trademarks of Vaisala or
its individual partners. The reproduction, transfer, distribution or
storage of information contained in this brochure in any form
without the prior written consent of Vaisala is strictly prohibited.
All specifications — technical included — are subject to change
without notice.
Weather
- PRESSURE / WEATHER 1
- Measure 2
- Dew Point 4
- Relative Humidity 6
- Humidity Products 7
- What is Humidity? 8
- An Introduction 8
- Parameters 8
- Recommended 10
- Humidity 11
- Humidity Instrument 15
- Calibration 15
- Calibration of Dew Point 15
- Instruments 15
- Proven Vaisala HUMICAP® 16
- Performance 16
- Chemical Purge Minimizes 16
- Effects of Contaminants 16
- Flexible Installation 20
- Process is Running 23
- HMT331 probe 24
- HMT333 probe 24
- HMT334 probe 24
- HMT335 probe 24
- Looking for Accurate 25
- Instruments? 25
- Only Vaisala HUMICAP® 25
- Measures Up 25
- Temperature Transmitters 26
- HMP361 for wall mounting 27
- HMP363 for confined spaces 27
- HMP364 for high pressure 27
- HMP365 for high temperature 28
- HMP367 for high humidities 28
- HMP368 for pressurized 28
- Accessories 31
- Calculate 35
- Interchangeable Probe 36
- Remote probe dimensions 38
- BACnet in Brief 40
- Measures both Humidity 42
- Fast, On-Site Calibration 42
- Resistant to Chemicals 42
- Performance for Outdoor 48
- Easy Installation and 48
- Maintenance 48
- Easy Installation 50
- Reliable Operation 50
- Low Maintenance 54
- Chambers 56
- Vaisala INTERCAP 58
- Humidity and Temperature 58
- Probe HMP60 58
- Vaisala HUMICAP 60
- Probe HMP110 60
- Three Probes 62
- MI70 Link 62
- Temperature Meter HM40 64
- Features or Benefits 70
- Standard Contents of SHM40 70
- HMK15 Humidity Calibrator 72
- DTR500 Solar Radiation and 76
- Precipitation Shields 76
- Upper electrode 83
- Lower electrode 83
- Thin-film polymer 83
- Glass substrate 83
- Versatile Outputs and 85
- Data Collection 85
- Probe Specifications 86
- You Compress Air 89
- We Make Sure It’s Dry 89
- Measure Humidity Directly 90
- DMT345: Accurate in Hot 90
- OEM Applications 94
- DMT132 Dewpoint Transmitter 100
- Technical Data 101
- Spot-Checking Applications 102
- DSS70A Portable 104
- Sampling System 104
- Sampling Cells for 104
- Pressurized Processes 104
- Features/Benefits 106
- Dimensions 106
- Online Reliability 108
- Savings Across the Board 108
- Risk-Free, Greener 108
- Solution 108
- The Fruit of Experience 108
- Multiparameter Transmitter 110
- Outages 111
- Happen 24/7 111
- So Should Monitoring 111
- Moisture in Oil 112
- HUMICAP in Brief 113
- Transmitter Series for Oil 114
- Mounting Options 115
- MMT332 for High Pressure 116
- Installations 116
- MMT337 with Small-Sized Probe 116
- Transmitter for Oil 118
- Carbon Dioxide 124
- The CARBOCAP® Story 125
- Measurements 126
- Carbon Dioxide Probe 128
- Measurement 129
- Stability and Ability 129
- Interchangeable Probes 130
- Demanding OEM Applications 132
- GMM111 Carbon Dioxide Module 134
- Vaisala CARBOCAP 136
- Technology 136
- Two Sampling Methods 136
- Reliability from Unique 138
- Measurement Technology 138
- Convenient Installation 138
- Easy Calibration 138
- Please contact us at 140
- Demand Controlled Ventilation 144
- GMM112 Carbon Dioxide Module 148
- Pressure 150
- The BAROCAP Story 151
- PTU300 Models 153
- Digital Barometer 160
- SUBSCRIBE 161
- Take the Lab to the Field 162
- Standard PTB330TS 164
- PTB210 Digital Barometer 166
- Vaisala BAROCAP® 168
- Accuracy and Stability 168
- Applications 168
- Ideal for Outdoor 170
- Carefree Maintenance 170
- Operating Environment 172
- Available Options 172
- / TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION 176
- Vaisala WINDCAP® Sensor 177
- Vaisala RAINCAP® Sensor 177
- Measuring Acoustic 178
- Precipitation 178
- WMT52 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor 180
- Wind Measurement 182
- Vaisala Service Offering 184
- Service Offering 185
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